Open Drainage of Empyema (Thoracostomy)

Open drainage is used for advanced empyema when tube drainage and antibiotics are insufficient to control infection.

MOH benchmarks show:
• Surgeon fee: SGD 4,800 – 7,500
• Anaesthetist fee: SGD 1,600 – 2,400

Coverage is generally strong for:
• Severe chest infections
• Inpatient surgical management

Ensure failure of less invasive drainage is documented.

Effective drainage prevents sepsis. Insurance should support escalation of care.

"When an expatriate is hospitalized, our role is to explain, simplify and ensure rapid care to avoid any unnecessary stress."